How Long Is a Real Greatsword?
The length of a real greatsword varied depending on the specific type and era, but generally, these imposing weapons ranged from 50 to 72 inches (127 to 183 cm) in overall length. This measurement includes a blade typically between 31 to 53 inches long and a substantial handle of 18 to 21 inches (46 to 53 cm) designed for two-handed use. These swords were not just long; they were also relatively heavy, weighing between 6 and 10 pounds (2.7 to 4.5 kg).
Understanding the Greatsword: Size, Weight, and Purpose
The greatsword, also known as a two-handed sword or zweihänder, was a fearsome weapon popular primarily during the late medieval and Renaissance periods, especially in the 15th and 16th centuries. Its sheer size and weight distinguished it from other swords of the time, making it a specialized tool employed by skilled warriors. The length and weight enabled the wielder to deliver powerful blows, disrupt enemy formations, and even parry polearms.
A Weapon of War: Function Over Form
The primary purpose of the greatsword was battlefield control. Its long reach allowed the wielder to keep opponents at bay, create openings for allies, and even break through pike formations. While not typically the primary weapon of knights (who often favored the longsword), greatswords were frequently wielded by landsknechts (German mercenary soldiers) and other professional warriors who had the training and physical strength to handle such a demanding weapon.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Greatswords
Here are some common questions about greatswords, designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of these remarkable weapons:
1. What is the difference between a greatsword and a longsword?
The key difference lies in size and intended use. A longsword, while also designed for two-handed use, was generally shorter and lighter than a greatsword. Longswords offered greater versatility for both cutting and thrusting and could be wielded by a wider range of warriors. Greatswords, on the other hand, were specialized weapons favored for their reach and power on the battlefield. A longsword typically had a blade length of around 80 to 110 cm (31 to 43 in), whereas greatsword blades can range from 80-135cm.
2. How heavy was a typical greatsword?
A typical greatsword weighed between 6 and 10 pounds (2.7 to 4.5 kg). However, some exceptionally large examples could weigh even more. The weight was a necessary factor in delivering the powerful blows that were the weapon’s hallmark.
3. What is a Zweihänder?
Zweihänder is a German term meaning “two-hander.” It refers specifically to the largest type of greatsword, often characterized by a ricasso (unsharpened section) near the hilt, sometimes with parrying hooks. These swords were particularly associated with German Landsknecht mercenaries.
4. What is a Claymore?
The term Claymore refers to a type of Scottish greatsword. It was typically a large, two-handed sword used in the Scottish Highlands. Claymores were generally lighter and shorter than the German Zweihänder, but still impressive weapons in their own right.
5. How were greatswords carried in battle?
Due to their size and weight, greatswords were often carried over the shoulder using a baldric (a strap worn across the body). Some evidence suggests they were also sometimes carried across the back, though this method might have been less practical for quick deployment.
6. Were greatswords primarily used by knights?
While knights certainly used swords, the greatsword was more commonly associated with common soldiers and mercenaries, particularly Landsknechts. Knights often favored more versatile weapons like the longsword or arming sword.
7. How long should a greatsword be relative to my height?
This is less about a precise ratio and more about handling. Ideally, a greatsword should allow you to maintain balance and control while executing various techniques. One suggestion is to measure the width of your shoulders (from shoulder joint to shoulder joint) and multiply that measurement by 4. While this gives a general idea, personal preference and fighting style should be the ultimate guide.
8. What is a bastard sword?
A bastard sword, also known as a hand-and-a-half sword, falls somewhere between a longsword and a greatsword in size. It can be used effectively with one or two hands, offering a compromise between reach and maneuverability. The term “bastard” simply meant it didn’t neatly fit into the existing sword classifications.
9. How much did William Wallace’s sword weigh?
William Wallace’s sword, a symbol of Scottish resistance, weighed approximately 5.95 pounds (2.70 kg) and was 5 feet 4 inches (163 cm) in length.
10. What is the longest sword used in battle?
The largest swords used in battle were likely the Japanese Ōdachi, Scottish Claymore, or German Zweihänder, some of which reportedly reached lengths exceeding 2 meters (6 ft 6 in).
11. Is Excalibur a greatsword?
While Excalibur is a legendary sword of immense power, its exact type is not explicitly defined in Arthurian legends. Some depictions portray it as a greatsword due to its significance and the strength required to wield it, while others show it as a more traditional arming sword.
12. Are claymore mines legal?
Claymore mines are legal for use by US military personnel, as the US is not a signatory to the 1997 Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production, and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction, better known as the Ottawa Treaty. However, it’s important to note that this question refers to explosive devices, not the Scottish Claymore sword.
13. What is a rapier?
A rapier is a slender, sharply pointed sword, best suited for thrusting attacks. It was mainly used in early modern Europe during the 16th and 17th centuries. It is significantly different from a greatsword in terms of both design and usage.
14. How did soldiers train to use greatswords?
Training with greatswords was rigorous and required considerable strength and coordination. Exercises focused on developing proper grip, footwork, and cutting techniques. Trainees often used wooden practice swords and gradually increased the weight and complexity of their training drills.
15. Where can I learn more about the historical context of swords and combat?
Exploring the historical context of swords and combat involves examining various disciplines, including history, archaeology, and martial arts. Engaging with resources from academic institutions and organizations like the Games Learning Society can provide deeper insights into the cultural and technological aspects of warfare. You can visit their website at https://www.gameslearningsociety.org/ to discover innovative approaches to learning through games and simulations. The GamesLearningSociety.org offers a unique perspective on how historical events and practices can be understood and appreciated through interactive and engaging methods.
Conclusion
The greatsword was more than just a large sword; it was a symbol of martial prowess, a weapon of battlefield control, and a testament to the skill and strength of its wielder. Understanding its dimensions, weight, and historical context provides valuable insight into the world of medieval and Renaissance warfare.