How Many Kids Have Gaming Disorder? Untangling the Truth Behind the Numbers

The short answer is this: Around 8.5% of children and adolescents under the age of 18 worldwide may exhibit signs of gaming disorder. However, understanding the true scope of this issue requires diving deeper into the nuances of diagnosis, age demographics, and the very definition of what constitutes a “disorder.” It’s not a simple black-and-white picture. While that 8.5% represents a significant number, the vast majority of young people who play video games do not develop a disorder.

Understanding Gaming Disorder: It’s More Than Just Playing a Lot

Before we delve into the statistics, it’s crucial to understand what “gaming disorder” actually means. The World Health Organization (WHO) included “gaming disorder” in the 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) in 2018. They define it as a pattern of persistent or recurrent gaming behavior (“digital gaming” or “video-gaming”), which may be online (i.e., over the internet) or offline, manifested by:

• Impaired control over gaming (e.g., onset, frequency, intensity, duration, termination, context)
• Increasing priority given to gaming to the extent that gaming takes precedence over other life interests and daily activities
• Continuation or escalation of gaming despite the occurrence of negative consequences

This pattern of behavior must be evident for at least 12 months for a diagnosis to be assigned, although the duration may be shortened if all diagnostic requirements are met and symptoms are severe.

The American Psychiatric Association (APA), while acknowledging the growing concern surrounding problematic gaming, has included “Internet Gaming Disorder” (IGD) in Section III of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as a condition warranting further study. This means they recognize it as a potential problem but need more research before officially classifying it as a full-fledged disorder. They outline nine criteria, of which at least five must be met within a 12-month period:

1. Preoccupation with gaming
2. Withdrawal symptoms when gaming is taken away
3. Tolerance – the need to spend increasing amounts of time gaming
4. Unsuccessful attempts to control gaming
5. Loss of interest in other activities
6. Continued excessive use despite knowledge of psychosocial problems
7. Deceiving family members or others about the extent of gaming
8. Use of gaming to escape or relieve negative moods
9. Jeopardizing or losing significant relationships, job, or educational opportunities due to gaming

The key takeaway is that simply enjoying video games or spending a lot of time playing them doesn’t automatically equate to having a gaming disorder. It’s the loss of control and the negative impact on other areas of life that are the defining characteristics.

Who is Most at Risk?

While the 8.5% figure gives us a general idea, it’s important to recognize that certain age groups are more susceptible to developing gaming disorder. Studies suggest that young adults (18-24 years old) are often considered the most vulnerable age bracket. However, it’s important to remember that problematic gaming behaviors often begin in adolescence. This is because younger individuals often have less developed impulse control and are more susceptible to the rewarding nature of video games. Furthermore, certain pre-existing mental health conditions, such as anxiety and depression, can increase the risk of developing gaming disorder. A study showed up to 89% of problem gamers are also diagnosed with depression.

Factors Contributing to Gaming Disorder

Several factors can contribute to the development of gaming disorder:

• Game Design: Modern video games are designed to be highly engaging and rewarding. They use various psychological techniques to keep players hooked, such as variable reward schedules and a constant sense of progression.
• Dopamine Release: Playing video games releases dopamine in the brain, creating a pleasurable sensation. Over time, this can lead to desensitization of dopamine receptors, requiring more gaming to achieve the same level of satisfaction.
• Social Connection: For some individuals, video games provide a sense of community and belonging, especially if they struggle with social interactions in the real world.
• Coping Mechanism: Gaming can be used as a way to escape from stress, anxiety, or depression. While occasional escapism is normal, relying on gaming as a primary coping mechanism can lead to problems.
• Genetics: Research suggests that genetic factors may also play a role in the amount of time people spend playing video games.

What Can Be Done?

If you’re concerned about a child or adolescent’s gaming habits, there are several steps you can take:

• Open Communication: Talk to them about their gaming habits in a non-judgmental way. Try to understand why they enjoy gaming and what it provides for them.
• Establish Boundaries: Set clear and consistent limits on gaming time. Encourage them to engage in other activities, such as sports, hobbies, and social interactions.
• Monitor Gaming Content: Pay attention to the types of games they are playing and who they are interacting with online.
• Seek Professional Help: If you suspect that they may have a gaming disorder, consult with a mental health professional who specializes in addiction or behavioral disorders.
• Promote Healthy Habits: Encourage healthy sleep habits, regular exercise, and a balanced diet.
• Family Involvement: Family support is crucial. Engage in activities together that don’t involve screens.

Games Learning Society

Understanding the intersection of gaming and learning is crucial in addressing potential issues while also harnessing the positive aspects of gaming. The Games Learning Society is a valuable resource for researchers, educators, and game developers interested in exploring the educational potential of video games. This organization brings together experts from various fields to promote the responsible and effective use of games for learning and development. Visit GamesLearningSociety.org to learn more.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Gaming Disorder in Kids

1. Is Gaming Disorder a real mental illness?

It’s a complex question. The WHO recognizes gaming disorder as a health condition. The APA considers “Internet Gaming Disorder” a condition needing further study. This difference highlights that the debate is ongoing, but there is growing recognition that problematic gaming can significantly impact mental and physical well-being.

2. What are the signs and symptoms of gaming disorder in kids?

Common signs include preoccupation with gaming, withdrawal symptoms when not gaming, needing to game more to feel satisfied (tolerance), unsuccessful attempts to cut back, loss of interest in other activities, continuing to game despite problems, lying about gaming habits, using gaming to escape problems, and risking relationships or opportunities due to gaming.

3. At what age does gaming addiction typically start?

While young adults aged 18-24 are often most affected, problematic gaming often begins in adolescence. Early intervention is crucial.

4. How much gaming is too much for a child?

There is no magic number of hours. It’s about how gaming affects other areas of life. If it impacts school, sleep, social life, or mental health, it’s a problem, regardless of the number of hours.

5. Can gaming disorder cause physical health problems?

Yes. It can lead to eye strain, carpal tunnel syndrome, sleep deprivation, obesity, and poor hygiene.

6. Is there a genetic component to gaming disorder?

Research suggests that genetics may play a role in how much time people spend gaming, but it’s not the only factor. Environmental factors are also crucial.

7. What is “gamer rage,” and is it a sign of gaming disorder?

“Gamer rage” is extreme anger or frustration experienced while playing video games. While not a definitive sign of gaming disorder, frequent and intense episodes could indicate underlying issues. A 56.3% of regular gamers experience bouts of extreme uncontrollable anger at least once a week.

8. Is gaming disorder a disability?

It is unlikely to qualify for Social Security disability benefits, but accommodations from employers might be possible with proper documentation of negative impacts.

9. What are some alternative activities to encourage instead of gaming?

Encourage participation in sports, hobbies, creative pursuits, social activities with friends, and family time. The key is to find activities that are enjoyable and fulfilling.

10. How can parents set healthy boundaries around gaming?

Establish clear and consistent rules about gaming time, screen-free zones, and acceptable gaming content. Communicate these rules clearly and enforce them fairly.

11. What are some common mental health issues associated with gaming disorder?

Anxiety and depression are the most common comorbidities. Other issues may include ADHD, social anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

12. How can a therapist help with gaming disorder?

Therapists can use various techniques, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), to help individuals identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors related to gaming. Family therapy can also be beneficial.

13. Are some video games more addictive than others?

Yes. Games with open-ended gameplay, social interaction, and variable reward systems tend to be more addictive.

14. Can playing video games ever be beneficial for kids?

Absolutely! Video games can improve problem-solving skills, hand-eye coordination, creativity, and social skills when played in moderation and within healthy boundaries.

15. Where can I find more information and support for gaming disorder?

Consult with mental health professionals, support groups, and online resources dedicated to addiction and behavioral disorders. Websites like the Games Learning Society can provide valuable insights into the positive and negative aspects of gaming.

Remember, understanding the nuances of gaming disorder is the first step towards helping children and adolescents develop healthy relationships with technology and maintain their overall well-being.