Is the AK-47 a Copy of the StG 44? Separating Fact from Fiction

The question of whether the AK-47 is a direct copy of the German StG 44 is a complex one, often mired in misinformation and speculation. The short answer is: no, the AK-47 is not a direct copy of the StG 44. While there are some superficial similarities and shared design principles, the internal mechanisms and specific design choices of the two rifles are significantly different. The AK-47 is an original design that, while inspired by multiple firearms, including the StG 44, is not a derivative of any single model.

Shared Concepts, Distinct Designs

The Influence of the StG 44

It is undeniable that the StG 44, the world’s first assault rifle, had a profound impact on firearms design. Its concept of a select-fire rifle chambered for an intermediate cartridge was revolutionary, and it undoubtedly influenced the general direction of small arms development after World War II.

Visually, both the StG 44 and the AK-47 share a similar profile: a boxy receiver, a pistol grip, and a curved magazine. This external layout similarity is often a source of confusion, leading some to assume a direct lineage. Both also share the gas-operation principle, a common method of cycling the action of an automatic firearm, where gas from a fired round is used to chamber the next.

Key Differences: The Internal Mechanism

Despite these similarities, the internal mechanisms of the AK-47 and the StG 44 are fundamentally different. The most significant distinction lies in the bolt locking system. The StG 44 uses a tilting bolt, whereas the AK-47 employs a rotating bolt. This distinction is crucial, as it dictates how the firearm’s action cycles and how the bolt locks into battery.

Additionally, the AK-47 utilizes a simpler and more robust operating system, emphasizing reliability, a key design priority for Mikhail Kalashnikov. This is in contrast to the StG 44, which, while innovative for its time, is a more complex and less inherently rugged design.

Inspiration, Not Replication

It is more accurate to say that the AK-47 was inspired by several firearms, including the StG 44. Mikhail Kalashnikov himself has acknowledged the influence of various designs, including the M1 Garand’s rotating bolt mechanism and features of the Soviet SVT semi-automatic rifle, notably its action spring arrangement. The design of the AK-47 is not a mere replication of any single model but a synthesis of features from multiple sources, modified and integrated into a unique and highly effective design.

Why the Misconception Persists

Several factors contribute to the persistent misconception that the AK-47 is a direct copy of the StG 44:

• Visual Resemblance: The superficial similarity in their exterior profiles is the primary source of confusion.
• Propaganda: During the Cold War, both sides engaged in propaganda, which sometimes intentionally exaggerated or distorted the origins of weapons for political purposes.
• Limited Public Knowledge: For many years, detailed information about the internal mechanics of firearms was not widely accessible to the general public, making it harder to appreciate the differences.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What does AK stand for in AK-47?

The initials AK represent Avtomat Kalashnikova, Russian for “automatic Kalashnikov,” named after its designer, Mikhail Timofeyevich Kalashnikov, who perfected the design in 1947.

2. What was the StG 44?

The StG 44, short for Sturmgewehr 44, was a German assault rifle developed during World War II and is widely considered the world’s first assault rifle.

3. What was the primary difference between the operating systems of the AK-47 and the StG 44?

The key difference was the bolt locking system. The StG 44 used a tilting bolt, while the AK-47 uses a rotating bolt.

4. Was the AK-47 based solely on the StG 44?

No. While the AK-47 was influenced by the StG 44, it also incorporated features from other firearms like the M1 Garand and the SVT rifle. It was a synthesis of various design principles, not a direct copy.

5. Did Kalashnikov ever admit to copying the StG 44?

No, Kalashnikov denied copying the StG 44. He acknowledged being aware of the German rifle but maintained that his design was original and inspired by multiple sources.

6. Which is considered to be more powerful: the AK-47 or StG 44?

The AK-47 is generally considered more powerful due to its higher rate of fire and more potent cartridge (7.62x39mm compared to the StG 44’s 7.92x33mm).

7. Is the StG 44 still produced?

Original StG 44 production ceased in 1945. However, modern semi-automatic versions, like the HMG® Sturmgewehr, are produced today, often as collector’s items or for recreational shooting. Palmetto State Armory also announced a semi-auto version in 2023.

8. What is the US equivalent of the AK-47?

While there isn’t a direct counterpart in terms of design, the M16 (and its variants, such as the M4 carbine) is the standard U.S. military rifle. The KR103 is often cited as a U.S. equivalent of the AK-47, being a domestically produced AK platform.

9. Are there civilian versions of the AK-47?

Yes, many civilian versions of the AK-47 are available, such as the Type 56S, AK47S, AKS-762 and the MAK-90. However, these are typically semi-automatic only, as fully automatic weapons are generally illegal for civilian ownership in many countries, including the United States.

10. How much does a functional, original StG 44 cost?

A fully functional, original StG 44 in good condition can fetch between $20,000 to $50,000 at auction. This high price reflects its rarity and historical significance.

11. What replaced the StG 44 in East German service?

The StG 44 (designated MPi.44 in East Germany) was eventually replaced by domestic variants of the AK-47 assault rifle.

12. Was the StG 44 a rare weapon?

Yes, the StG 44 is a very rare piece of history, with production ending in 1945. This contributes to its high value among collectors.

13. Do Navy SEALs use AK-47s?

Yes, Navy SEALs do sometimes use AK-47s, particularly when they need to blend in or when operating in areas where AK-47 ammunition is readily available.

14. What gun inspired the design of the M16?

The M16 was inspired by the AR-10, a 7.62mm rifle by ArmaLite.

15. Which weapon was the first practical submachine gun?

The first practical submachine gun was the Bergman MP18, developed in Germany in 1918.

Conclusion

In conclusion, while the StG 44 was undoubtedly a groundbreaking firearm that influenced the trajectory of modern small arms development, the AK-47 is not a direct copy. The AK-47 is an original design, incorporating elements from various weapons while employing its own unique mechanisms and philosophy. The persistent misconception that it is a StG 44 clone is a result of visual similarities, incomplete information, and perhaps, a touch of Cold War mythmaking. By understanding the nuances of each design, one can appreciate the distinct contributions of both the StG 44 and the AK-47 to the evolution of firearms.