Is the d20 System Free to Use? A Comprehensive Guide
The short answer is yes, but with caveats. The d20 System, popularized by Dungeons & Dragons (D&D), is not entirely free in the sense of being completely open source. However, a significant portion of it is available for use under the Open Game License (OGL). This allows game designers and enthusiasts to create their own games, supplements, and modifications using the core mechanics without needing to pay royalties or seek specific permission from Wizards of the Coast (WoTC), the current rights holder for D&D. This is a crucial distinction and a point of frequent confusion. Let’s break down what that entails.
The Open Game License (OGL): Your Gateway to the d20 System
The OGL 1.0a is a legal agreement created by Wizards of the Coast that allows third-party developers to use specific elements of the d20 System for their own commercial or non-commercial projects. This license grants permission to modify, copy, and redistribute aspects of D&D’s intellectual property as defined in their System Reference Document (SRD).
The SRD acts as a blueprint. It details the core mechanics, game rules, character classes, and other components of the d20 System that are explicitly released under the OGL. This means that the basic rules governing how a d20 is used for skill checks, combat, and saving throws are freely accessible for use by anyone.
What’s Included?
The Open Game Content (OGC) typically includes:
- Core Mechanics: The fundamental rules around rolling a d20 and adding modifiers to determine success or failure.
- Character Classes: Basic archetypes like fighters, wizards, rogues, and clerics are usually available.
- Skills and Abilities: The system for determining character strengths and how those translate into game actions.
- Combat Rules: How characters interact in a combat scenario, including attacks, damage, and movement.
- Basic Equipment: Common weapons and armor, often without specific item names or lore.
What’s NOT Included?
Not everything related to D&D or the d20 System is free to use under the OGL. Notably, the following are typically excluded:
- Specific Lore and Settings: Names of deities, monsters, and unique locations are usually copyrighted and trademarked.
- Trademarked Names: The name “Dungeons & Dragons” itself is a protected trademark.
- Proprietary Monsters: Iconic monsters like mind flayers and beholders are specifically excluded from the SRD and are intellectual property of Wizards of the Coast.
- Unique Artwork and Text: Specific artwork and flavorful text found in official D&D rulebooks are copyrighted.
- Specific Trademarks: The d20 System logo is a registered trademark.
Navigating the OGL: Important Considerations
Even with the OGL, there are rules to follow. When using OGC, developers need to adhere to the license terms, which generally require attribution and the inclusion of specific legal text. This ensures that Wizards of the Coast’s intellectual property rights are respected while also enabling the creative community. It’s crucial to read the full text of the OGL 1.0a to ensure compliance and avoid potential legal issues.
It’s also important to note that the original OGL 1.0a is considered irrevocable and that later attempts by WoTC to alter it have met widespread community resistance and legal controversy.
The Practical Implications
For a game developer, this means you can freely use the core d20 System to create a game with its own unique setting, characters, and plot. You can create a fantasy setting, a sci-fi adventure, or a cyberpunk world. What you cannot do is market your game using the exact D&D logo, setting, or protected monster designs.
For players, this means you have access to countless games that use the d20 core mechanics, often with interesting twists and variations. You are not limited to D&D, and the vast landscape of OGL compatible games offers diverse experiences.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. Is the term “d20” itself copyrighted or trademarked?
No. The term “d20” is a generic reference to a 20-sided die and is free for anyone to use. It’s not tied to any specific brand or product. It’s considered a common term like “a six-sided die”.
2. Can I create a game using the d20 System and sell it?
Yes. Under the OGL, you can create and sell games using the open parts of the d20 System. However, you must adhere to the requirements of the OGL, which usually include providing proper attribution to Wizards of the Coast for the OGC used.
3. Is the entire D&D rule set available under the OGL?
No. Only the OGC specified in the SRD is available under the OGL. This includes the core rules, basic classes, and skills, but does not include settings, specific monsters (like mind flayers), or lore.
4. Can I use the D&D name in my game title?
No. The name “Dungeons & Dragons” is a registered trademark and cannot be used without explicit permission from Wizards of the Coast.
5. What is the difference between Open Game Content (OGC) and Open Game License (OGL)?
The OGC refers to the actual game mechanics, rules, and text made available for use. The OGL is the legal document that defines the terms and conditions under which that OGC can be used.
6. Is it okay to copy monster stats from D&D into my game?
You can copy stats for monsters within the SRD because they are considered OGC. However, unique, copyrighted monsters, like mind flayers or beholders, are typically not within the SRD and cannot be used without violating copyright laws.
7. Can I create my own character classes using the d20 System?
Yes. You can modify existing classes or create entirely new ones as long as the core mechanics are adhered to and you only use OGC.
8. How do I find the System Reference Document (SRD)?
The SRD is generally available on the internet. Wizards of the Coast doesn’t host it directly but often makes it publicly available through third-party sites. A simple web search for “d20 SRD” will usually lead you to it.
9. What happens if I violate the Open Game License?
Violating the OGL could result in legal action from Wizards of the Coast, including being required to stop selling your product and potentially facing financial penalties.
10. Does the OGL apply to all versions of D&D?
The primary OGL applies to the d20 System as derived from D&D 3rd edition and 3.5 edition. Later editions of D&D have their own specific rules for licensing. The original OGL 1.0a however, is generally considered irrevocable.
11. Can I use the d20 System for a non-commercial, free project?
Absolutely. The OGL permits both commercial and non-commercial uses, so long as the terms of the license are adhered to.
12. Is the d20 System the only game system available under an open license?
No. There are numerous other game systems available under open licenses, each with its own unique rules, mechanics, and settings.
13. Is copyright and trademark the same thing?
No. Copyright protects creative works (like text and artwork), while trademark protects brand names and logos.
14. Can I create a tabletop RPG with a d20 and not use the SRD?
Yes, you can. The d20 is just a die; you do not need to be related to the d20 System or the OGL to make your own unique RPG using a d20 for resolution. Many games have done exactly this.
15. If there are controversies around the OGL, what are the current valid terms of use?
The OGL 1.0a is generally considered the valid terms of use by many publishers and creators, as attempts by WoTC to amend or replace it have been legally controversial. It’s crucial to stay up to date with news and legal interpretations of the license.
Conclusion
The d20 System, while intricately tied to Dungeons & Dragons, is not a completely restricted system. The Open Game License has created an environment where a portion of its core mechanics can be used freely to develop new games and creative projects. Understanding the boundaries of the OGL is essential for anyone wanting to create or participate in the vibrant community that has grown around the d20 System. Remember, respect for intellectual property and careful adherence to legal agreements are vital, but the possibilities for creative expression within the framework of the OGL are nearly limitless.