What is a Heavy Sword Called?
The answer to “What is a heavy sword called?” isn’t as straightforward as one might hope. It depends on the specific type of heavy sword, its historical context, and its design. Generally, swords designed for powerful blows and requiring two hands due to their weight and size are referred to as greatswords, two-handed swords, or in some cases, by more specific names reflecting their origin and usage. The term war sword is also sometimes used to describe larger, heavier swords intended for battlefield use.
However, simply being “heavy” isn’t enough to qualify a sword for a particular name. A well-balanced sword might feel lighter than its actual weight, while a poorly balanced, lighter sword might feel unwieldy and heavy. Therefore, the terms used often reflect a combination of weight, size, and intended purpose.
Defining “Heavy”: More Than Just Weight
Before diving into specific types of heavy swords, it’s crucial to understand that “heavy” is relative. What a 16th-century knight considered heavy might differ drastically from what a modern HEMA (Historical European Martial Arts) practitioner considers heavy. Factors influencing the perception of weight include:
- Overall Length: A longer sword inherently requires more material, increasing its weight.
- Blade Width and Thickness: A wider, thicker blade contributes significantly to the overall mass.
- Hilt and Pommel: The size and material of the hilt and pommel (the counterweight at the end of the grip) affect both the overall weight and the sword’s balance.
- Balance Point: A sword with a balance point closer to the hilt will feel lighter and more maneuverable than one with a balance point further down the blade.
Therefore, when discussing heavy swords, we’re often talking about weapons that are not only physically heavy but also designed for specific combat roles where power and reach were prioritized over agility.
Types of Heavy Swords and Their Names
Greatswords and Two-Handed Swords
These terms are often used interchangeably and generally refer to very large swords wielded with two hands. They were commonly used from the late medieval period through the Renaissance. Key examples include:
- Zweihänder: Originating in Germany, the Zweihänder (meaning “two-hander”) was a massive sword used by the Landsknecht (German mercenary soldiers) during the 16th century. They were significantly larger than typical longswords, often exceeding 1.4 meters (4 ft 7 in) in length and weighing around 2 kg (4.4 lb).
- Claymore: The Scottish Claymore (from the Gaelic claidheam-hmor, meaning “great sword”) existed in two main forms. The earlier version was a large two-handed sword used in the Scottish Highlands. Later, the term was applied to basket-hilted broadswords. The two-handed Claymore typically weighed around 2.5 kg (5.5 lb) and was approximately 140 cm (55 in) long.
- Espada Montante: A large two-handed sword used primarily in the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal). The Espada Montante was employed in both infantry and cavalry roles, known for its reach and powerful cutting ability.
Longswords and Hand-and-a-Half Swords
While not always “heavy” in the extreme sense, certain longswords and hand-and-a-half swords (also known as “bastard swords”) could be considered heavy depending on their construction. These swords were versatile weapons, capable of being wielded with one or two hands. A heavier longsword prioritized cutting power and could weigh upwards of 1.8 kg (4 lbs).
Other Examples
- War Sword: This is a more general term applied to any large, robust sword designed for use in battle. It doesn’t necessarily denote a specific type of sword but rather its intended function.
- Great Axe: While not a sword, it’s worth mentioning that axes served a similar role on the battlefield and were certainly “heavy” weapons.
The Importance of Context
Ultimately, the term used to describe a heavy sword depends heavily on context. A historian studying 16th-century German military tactics would likely refer to a Zweihänder, while someone interested in Scottish history might use the term Claymore. The general public, however, might simply call them all “greatswords” or “two-handed swords.”
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What makes a sword “heavy”?
A sword’s weight is determined by its length, blade width and thickness, hilt and pommel materials, and overall design. A “heavy” sword typically prioritizes power over speed and maneuverability.
2. How heavy was the average medieval sword?
The average medieval sword weighed between 2.5 lb (1.13 kg) and 3.5 lb (1.59 kg). However, larger “war swords” could weigh up to 4.5 lb (2.04 kg).
3. What is a Zweihänder?
A Zweihänder is a large two-handed sword used by German Landsknecht mercenaries during the 16th century. It was significantly larger than a typical longsword, often exceeding 1.4 meters (4 ft 7 in) in length.
4. What is a Claymore?
The Claymore is a Scottish two-handed sword (or later, a basket-hilted broadsword). The two-handed Claymore typically weighed around 2.5 kg (5.5 lb) and was approximately 140 cm (55 in) long.
5. What is a hand-and-a-half sword?
A hand-and-a-half sword, also known as a “bastard sword,” is a versatile sword that can be wielded with one or two hands.
6. What is the heaviest sword ever used in battle?
The Zweihänder is often cited as one of the largest and heaviest swords used in battle, particularly by the German Landsknecht.
7. How heavy was Excalibur?
According to the article data, the weight of Excalibur is approximately 2090 g (2.09 kg or about 4.6 lbs).
8. What is the average weight of a Viking sword?
Viking swords typically weighed between 1 kg (2.2 lbs) and 2 kg (4.4 lbs).
9. Why are some swords called “bastard swords”?
The term “bastard sword” arose because it didn’t clearly fit into the classification of either a single-handed sword or a two-handed greatsword.
10. Did heavier swords always perform better?
Not necessarily. A heavier sword delivers more impact, but a lighter, well-balanced sword allows for faster and more agile movements. The ideal weight depends on the fighter’s style and the intended use of the sword.
11. How long was a Roman gladius?
The blade of a Mainz Gladius was typically 50–55 cm (20–22 in) long, and the overall sword length was 65–70 cm (26–28 in).
12. What is the Sword of Mercy?
The Sword of Mercy, also called Curtana, is a royal sword with a broken blade, used in British royal ceremonies.
13. Who used the heaviest swords in history?
According to the text, Rajput king Maharana Pratap used to carry two swords which weighed nearly 25 kilos each.
14. What is a rapier?
A rapier is a slender, sharply pointed sword best suited for thrusting attacks, primarily used in early modern Europe during the 16th and 17th centuries.
15. What is the heaviest type of sword that can be wielded effectively in combat?
The Zweihänder represents a practical upper limit for sword weight and size, beyond which maneuverability would be severely compromised. The German Landsknecht effectively employed them in formations.
The Enduring Fascination with Swords
Swords, particularly the heavier examples, continue to capture our imaginations. They represent not only weapons of war but also symbols of power, skill, and even artistry. Understanding the different types of heavy swords, their historical contexts, and the reasons behind their designs helps us to appreciate the rich and complex history of weaponry.
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