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What is Electrical Conduit Made Of? A Comprehensive Guide

The short answer is: electrical conduit can be made from a variety of materials, most commonly metal (steel or aluminum) or plastic (PVC). The specific material used depends on the application, environment, and local electrical codes. Let’s dive deeper into the world of conduit, exploring the different materials, their properties, and when each is best suited for the job.

Metal Conduit: Strength and Protection

Metal conduit is a robust option, valued for its durability and ability to protect electrical wiring from physical damage and electromagnetic interference (EMI). Let’s break down the common types of metal conduit:

Steel Conduit

Rigid Metal Conduit (RMC): The heavyweight champion of conduits. RMC is thick-walled threaded tubing, typically made from coated steel. It provides exceptional protection against impact, corrosion, and environmental hazards. Galvanized Rigid Conduit (GRC) is a common type, featuring a galvanized steel construction with a wall thick enough for threading. RMC is ideal for commercial and industrial applications where wiring needs maximum protection.
Electrical Metallic Tubing (EMT): Often referred to as “thin-wall” conduit, EMT is lighter and more economical than RMC. It’s typically made from coated steel or aluminum. EMT isn’t threaded, instead relying on fittings to connect sections. It’s a versatile option for indoor applications where physical protection requirements are less stringent. However, EMT shall not be used where subject to severe physical damage or for the support of luminaires or other equipment.
Intermediate Metal Conduit (IMC): Positioned between RMC and EMT in terms of thickness and cost, IMC is made from galvanized steel and is threaded like RMC. It offers a good balance of protection and cost-effectiveness and can often be used as a substitute for RMC in many applications.
Flexible Metal Conduit (FMC): As the name suggests, FMC is flexible, allowing it to bend around obstacles and navigate tight spaces. It’s typically made from interlocked steel or aluminum. FMC is commonly used to connect light fixtures, motors, and other equipment where flexibility is needed. Liquidtight Flexible Metal Conduit (LFMC) provides an additional layer of protection against moisture and corrosive environments.

Aluminum Conduit

Aluminum conduit offers several advantages over steel, including lighter weight and excellent corrosion resistance.

Rigid Aluminum Conduit: Offers similar protection to RMC but is significantly lighter, making it easier to install, especially in long runs. It’s naturally corrosion-resistant, making it suitable for use in environments where steel might rust. American Conduit PullEase aluminum electrical metallic tubing (EMT) uses a 6000 series alloy, 98.5% pure aluminum.

Non-Metal Conduit: Versatility and Cost-Effectiveness

Non-metallic conduit, primarily made from PVC (polyvinyl chloride), offers several benefits including light weight, corrosion resistance, and ease of installation.

PVC Conduit

PVC conduit is a popular choice for a wide range of applications, especially those where moisture or corrosive substances are present.

Schedule 40 PVC: A common type of PVC conduit, suitable for many general-purpose applications. However, Schedule 40 PVC conduit is not identified for use where subject to physical damage.
Schedule 80 PVC: Has a thicker wall than Schedule 40, making it more durable and resistant to physical damage. Schedule 80 PVC conduit is identified for use in areas subject to physical damage. It’s often used in applications where greater protection is needed.
Electrical Nonmetallic Tubing (ENT): A flexible, corrugated plastic tubing that is typically used in walls, floors, and ceilings. ENT is lightweight and easy to install, making it a popular choice for residential applications.

Other Conduit Components

Beyond the conduit itself, other components play a crucial role in a complete electrical system.

Conduit Bodies: These provide access to wiring for pulling, splicing, and making bends. Conduit bodies and covers are often offered in aluminum, malleable iron, and gray iron. Finishes may include zinc plating or hot-dip galvanizing.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Conduit

Is electrical conduit steel or aluminum? Electrical conduit can be made from both steel and aluminum. Steel conduits, like RMC and EMT, are strong and durable, while aluminum conduits are lighter and corrosion-resistant.
Is conduit metal or PVC? Conduit can be made from either metal or PVC (plastic). The choice depends on the application’s specific requirements.
What is the most common conduit material? Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) conduit is the most popular type of non-metallic conduit.
What are conduit bodies made of? Conduit bodies are commonly made of aluminum, malleable iron, and gray iron, often with zinc plating or hot-dip galvanizing for corrosion resistance.
Is electrical conduit made of PVC? Yes, PVC is a common material for electrical conduit, offering advantages like light weight and corrosion resistance.
Is EMT conduit made of aluminum? Yes, EMT conduit can be made of aluminum.
Why is metal conduit so expensive? Supply and demand fluctuations can impact the price of metal conduit. Recent events, like the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent economic recovery, have led to price increases.
Is conduit always metal? No, conduit is not always metal. It can also be made from non-metallic materials like PVC.
Why can’t you use plumbing PVC for conduit? Plumbing PVC and electrical conduit PVC are designed for different purposes. Plumbing PVC is pressure-tested for water applications, while electrical conduit PVC is designed for electrical wiring protection.
Can you mix aluminum and steel conduit? Aluminum fittings and enclosures shall be permitted to be used with galvanized steel where not subject to severe corrosive influences.
Why would an electrician use an aluminum conduit rather than steel? Aluminum conduit is lighter, more corrosion-resistant, and can be easier to bend and thread than steel conduit.
What is the cheapest type of conduit? Electrical metallic tubing (EMT) is a more economical option compared to rigid metal conduit.
Why do Americans use steel conduit? Steel conduit is highly resilient, protective, and durable, making it a reliable choice for many electrical projects.
Can you run aluminum wire in conduit? Yes, you can run aluminum wire in conduit. USE-2/RHH/RHW-2 aluminum building wire is rated for use in conduit.
Is GREY electrical conduit UV resistant? Yes, Grey PVC conduit is designed to withstand UV exposure, making it suitable for outdoor applications.

By understanding the different types of conduit materials and their properties, you can make informed decisions about selecting the right conduit for your specific electrical project. Remember to always consult with a qualified electrician and adhere to local electrical codes to ensure a safe and compliant installation. The field of learning and education is constantly evolving, and organizations like the Games Learning Society are at the forefront of exploring innovative approaches. You can learn more about their work at GamesLearningSociety.org.

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