What Lithium Batteries Are Not Allowed on Planes? A Comprehensive Guide
The question of which lithium batteries are prohibited on planes is a common one, often causing confusion for travelers. The short answer is: Spare, uninstalled lithium batteries (both lithium-ion and lithium-metal) are not allowed in checked baggage. Additionally, lithium batteries exceeding specific size and capacity limits are restricted from air travel altogether. Specifically, lithium metal batteries exceeding 2 grams of lithium content and lithium-ion batteries exceeding 100 watt-hours (Wh) are generally prohibited unless specific permissions are obtained from the airline for larger batteries up to 160 Wh or 8 grams of lithium. These regulations are in place to mitigate the risks associated with these batteries, which can overheat, ignite, or short-circuit.
The crux of the issue revolves around the potential hazards these batteries pose, particularly during air travel. The potential for thermal runaway – where a battery rapidly heats up – can lead to fires that are difficult to extinguish. By restricting certain batteries and dictating where others must be stored, aviation authorities aim to minimize these risks, prioritizing passenger and crew safety. It is critical to understand the specific regulations related to your batteries and how to pack them to ensure a smooth and safe travel experience.
Why Are There Restrictions on Lithium Batteries?
The Danger of Thermal Runaway
Lithium batteries, both rechargeable lithium-ion and non-rechargeable lithium-metal, are inherently prone to overheating and short-circuiting, particularly if damaged or improperly stored. A phenomenon known as thermal runaway can occur when a battery overheats, leading to a cascade of chemical reactions that cause further heat buildup. This can result in fires that are not easily extinguished, posing a significant threat to aircraft and the safety of everyone on board.
Why Checked Baggage is the Problem
The risk of an uncontrolled fire in the cargo hold, which is often inaccessible during flight, makes placing spare lithium batteries in checked luggage a significant hazard. If a fire occurs in the passenger cabin, the crew is able to respond immediately. Therefore, regulations mandate that spare batteries must be kept within the carry-on baggage.
The Size and Capacity Limits
Airlines and aviation authorities have imposed strict limits on the size and capacity of lithium batteries that can be carried on board. These limits help to control the amount of potentially flammable material on the plane. The key thresholds to remember are: 2 grams of lithium content for lithium metal batteries and 100 watt-hours (Wh) for lithium-ion batteries. Anything beyond these limits usually requires specific airline approval and may be entirely prohibited.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Lithium Batteries on Planes
To further clarify the specific regulations surrounding lithium batteries and air travel, here are 15 frequently asked questions and their detailed answers:
1. What happens if I accidentally leave a lithium battery in my checked luggage?
While security scans primarily focus on prohibited items like weapons, not explicitly for lithium batteries, leaving a lithium battery in checked baggage means it will likely travel with you. However, this is a safety risk. It’s safer for the battery to be in the cabin so that if a thermal runaway occurs, the cabin crew can address it promptly.
2. Why does TSA ask about lithium batteries?
TSA asks about lithium batteries due to their potential to catch fire if damaged or if battery terminals are short-circuited. Keeping them in carry-on baggage allows for prompt intervention in case of any issues.
3. Do I have to declare lithium batteries when flying?
You are not required to declare lithium batteries unless they exceed the specified limits (100 Wh or 2 grams) and you require airline approval to carry them. However, it is crucial that all spare lithium batteries are packed in your carry-on bags, not checked baggage.
4. What batteries can go in checked luggage?
Generally, most batteries allowed in carry-on, such as alkaline or dry cell batteries, are also allowed in checked baggage. However, you should always pack lithium batteries (except for those installed in devices) in carry-on to minimize risk and adhere to safety guidelines.
5. Can I fly with a lithium battery installed in my device?
Yes, lithium batteries installed in personal electronic devices (like phones, laptops, and cameras) can be transported in both carry-on and checked baggage, as long as the device itself is permitted.
6. Can I take a 20000mAh power bank on a plane?
Yes, provided the power bank’s capacity is less than 100 watt-hours (Wh). A 20000mAh power bank typically falls within this limit, but it is crucial to check the watt-hour rating as some can have higher voltage and thus a higher Wh rating.
7. What is the largest power bank allowed on flights?
The largest power bank allowed on flights is generally one with a capacity of 100 watt-hours (Wh) or 27,000mAh. Some airlines may allow larger ones up to 160 Wh or 8 grams with prior approval.
8. Can a passenger carry 3 spare lithium batteries?
No, the standard limit is two spare lithium batteries in carry-on baggage only. They must be individually protected to prevent short circuits.
9. What is the maximum power bank allowed on flights?
As mentioned previously, the maximum is usually 100 watt-hours (Wh) or 20,000mAh, though some airlines allow up to 160 Wh with prior approval.
10. Why are electronic cigarettes and vaporizers prohibited in checked baggage?
Like other lithium-ion-powered devices, electronic cigarettes and vaporizers are prohibited in checked baggage due to the potential fire risk from their lithium batteries. They must be carried in carry-on luggage.
11. Do electric toothbrushes have lithium batteries and what are the guidelines?
Yes, many electric toothbrushes contain lithium-ion batteries. Like other personal electronics, these must be stored safely and follow the same guidelines: they must be in your carry-on if not stowed safely in a checked bag.
12. What does “individually protected” mean for lithium batteries?
Individually protected means you must prevent the battery terminals from making contact with other metal objects. This can be achieved by storing each battery in its original packaging, a plastic bag, or by taping over the exposed terminals.
13. What are the rules for lithium batteries in general?
The general rules are:
- Lithium metal batteries: Limited to 2 grams of lithium content.
- Lithium-ion batteries: Limited to 100 watt-hours (Wh) per battery.
- Spare lithium batteries: Must be carried in carry-on baggage only.
- Installed lithium batteries: Allowed in both carry-on and checked baggage if they are in a device.
- Larger lithium batteries: Up to 160Wh or 8 grams are permitted with prior airline approval.
14. Why are lithium batteries not allowed in checked luggage?
Lithium batteries are not allowed in checked baggage due to the risk of fire in the cargo hold, where it would be harder for the crew to respond promptly.
15. Can you replace regular batteries with lithium?
While some devices may accept both alkaline and lithium batteries, always consult the device’s manual to ensure compatibility. Using the wrong type of battery can reduce performance or damage the device.
Conclusion
Understanding the rules and restrictions surrounding lithium batteries on planes is essential for safe and smooth travel. By keeping spare lithium batteries in your carry-on baggage, adhering to the size and capacity limits, and ensuring they are individually protected, you are playing your part in promoting safe air travel. Always consult with your airline for their specific policies regarding battery transport, as they may have additional regulations. By staying informed and prepared, you can navigate air travel with confidence, knowing you’ve taken the necessary precautions.