When Did Gaming Become An Addiction?

The concept of gaming addiction isn’t new, but its formal recognition and understanding have evolved significantly over time. While commercial video games emerged in the early 1970s, it wasn’t until the 1980s that the first reports of problematic gaming behavior began appearing in psychological and psychiatric literature. However, it took several decades for the condition to gain traction as a legitimate concern among mental health professionals. The landmark moment arrived when the World Health Organization (WHO) included Gaming Disorder in the 11th revision of its International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). This marked a pivotal shift, acknowledging gaming addiction as a distinct and diagnosable condition.

The Evolution of Gaming Addiction as a Recognized Disorder

Early Observations and Anecdotal Evidence

Even before formal diagnostic criteria existed, clinicians and researchers observed concerning patterns of excessive gaming in some individuals. These early observations often focused on behavioral similarities between gaming and other addictive behaviors, such as gambling. Individuals exhibiting problematic gaming behavior demonstrated a loss of control, continued gaming despite negative consequences, and experienced withdrawal symptoms when unable to play.

The DSM-5 and Internet Gaming Disorder

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), published by the American Psychiatric Association, plays a crucial role in defining and categorizing mental health disorders. In 2013, the DSM-5 included Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) as a condition warranting further study. This designation signaled that while IGD was not yet considered a formal diagnosis, it showed enough promise to merit further research and consideration for future inclusion.

The WHO’s ICD-11 and Gaming Disorder

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) decision to include Gaming Disorder in the ICD-11 was a significant milestone. Unlike the DSM-5’s “condition for further study” designation, the ICD-11 recognized Gaming Disorder as a formal, diagnosable disorder. The ICD-11 defines Gaming Disorder as a pattern of gaming behavior characterized by:

• Impaired control over gaming (e.g., onset, frequency, intensity, duration, termination, context).
• Increasing priority given to gaming to the extent that gaming takes precedence over other life interests and daily activities.
• Continuation or escalation of gaming despite the occurrence of negative consequences.

The pattern of gaming behavior must be evident over a period of at least 12 months for a diagnosis to be assigned, although the duration may be shortened if all diagnostic requirements are met and symptoms are severe.

Ongoing Debate and Research

Despite the recognition by the WHO and the consideration by the APA, debate surrounding gaming addiction persists. Some researchers argue that problematic gaming behavior may be a symptom of underlying mental health issues, such as depression or anxiety, rather than a distinct disorder. Others raise concerns about pathologizing a popular and often harmless pastime. The Games Learning Society supports research initiatives aimed at exploring both the potential benefits and risks associated with video games. You can learn more at GamesLearningSociety.org.

FAQs About Gaming Addiction

Here are 15 frequently asked questions about gaming addiction, providing more detail and addressing common concerns:

1. What are the warning signs of gaming addiction? Warning signs include spending increasing amounts of time gaming, neglecting responsibilities, experiencing withdrawal symptoms when not gaming, lying about gaming habits, and experiencing negative consequences in relationships or at work/school due to gaming.

2. Is gaming addiction a real addiction? Many researchers consider video game addiction a behavioral addiction similar to gambling disorder, in which the rush of winning becomes one of the main reasons for playing.

3. What is the worldwide prevalence of gaming disorder? In a 2021 evaluation, it was found that the worldwide prevalence of gaming disorder is 3.05%. There are around 60 million people that currently have gaming disorder. Between 0.3% and 1% of people in the general public have symptoms that are commonly found among people with gaming disorder.

4. What is the root cause of gaming addiction? Video games are extremely stimulating and cause high levels of dopamine to release when playing. This increased dopamine feels good in the moment but can lead to brain receptors becoming desensitized over time.

5. Are certain types of games more addictive than others? Games with compelling narratives, social interaction, and reward systems tend to be more addictive. These often include MMORPGs (Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games), MOBAs (Multiplayer Online Battle Arenas), and games with loot box mechanics.

6. Are males more likely to experience gaming addiction? Research generally indicates that males are more likely to experience gaming addiction. The results of the studies are not unanimous when it comes to gender differences in terms of gaming addiction.

7. What mental health issues are associated with gaming addiction? Video game addiction has been found to be related to personality traits such as low self-esteem, low self-efficacy, attention problems, impulsivity, aggression, anxiety, and depression.

8. How is gaming addiction treated? Gaming addiction is commonly treated with behavioral modification therapies such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).

9. Can excessive gaming cause depression? Research suggests that video games may lead to symptoms of depressive disorders.

10. Does gaming addiction alter the brain? Excessive video game use can lead to the brain being revved up in a constant state of hyperarousal. Hyperarousal can include difficulties with paying attention, managing emotions, controlling impulses, following directions and tolerating frustration.

11. What happens to the brain during gaming? Playing games triggers the release of dopamine in our brain. This is the chemical that makes us want to continue a certain behavior.

12. How much gaming is too much? Behavioral issues can start to appear with children who play more than nine hours of video games a day.

13. What can parents do to prevent gaming addiction in their children? Parents should set time limits for gaming, encourage other activities, monitor the games their children play, and communicate openly about the potential risks of excessive gaming.

14. Is it possible to game responsibly? Yes, moderate and responsible gaming is possible for many individuals. Establishing healthy boundaries, prioritizing other activities, and being mindful of potential risks are key to responsible gaming.

15. Where can I find help for gaming addiction? Individuals struggling with gaming addiction can seek help from mental health professionals, such as therapists, counselors, and psychologists, who specialize in addiction treatment. Online support groups and resources are also available.

Understanding the history and ongoing research surrounding gaming addiction is crucial for recognizing potential risks and promoting responsible gaming habits.