{"id":124188,"date":"2025-07-17T00:36:40","date_gmt":"2025-07-17T00:36:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gameslearningsociety.org\/wiki\/?p=124188"},"modified":"2025-07-17T00:36:40","modified_gmt":"2025-07-17T00:36:40","slug":"what-is-the-game-with-every-pixel-simulated","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gameslearningsociety.org\/wiki\/what-is-the-game-with-every-pixel-simulated\/","title":{"rendered":"What is the game with every pixel simulated?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_67_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gameslearningsociety.org\/wiki\/what-is-the-game-with-every-pixel-simulated\/#Unraveling_Noita_The_Game_Where_Every_Pixel_Matters\" title=\"Unraveling Noita: The Game Where Every Pixel Matters\">Unraveling Noita: The Game Where Every Pixel Matters<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gameslearningsociety.org\/wiki\/what-is-the-game-with-every-pixel-simulated\/#Delving_into_Noitas_Pixel-Perfect_World\" title=\"Delving into Noita&#8217;s Pixel-Perfect World\">Delving into Noita&#8217;s Pixel-Perfect World<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gameslearningsociety.org\/wiki\/what-is-the-game-with-every-pixel-simulated\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions_About_Noita\" title=\"Frequently Asked Questions About Noita\">Frequently Asked Questions About Noita<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gameslearningsociety.org\/wiki\/what-is-the-game-with-every-pixel-simulated\/#1_Is_Noita_a_Voxel_Game\" title=\"1. Is Noita a Voxel Game?\">1. Is Noita a Voxel Game?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gameslearningsociety.org\/wiki\/what-is-the-game-with-every-pixel-simulated\/#2_What_Programming_Languages_Were_Used_to_Code_Noita\" title=\"2. What Programming Languages Were Used to Code Noita?\">2. What Programming Languages Were Used to Code Noita?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gameslearningsociety.org\/wiki\/what-is-the-game-with-every-pixel-simulated\/#3_What_Games_Inspired_Noita\" title=\"3. What Games Inspired Noita?\">3. What Games Inspired Noita?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gameslearningsociety.org\/wiki\/what-is-the-game-with-every-pixel-simulated\/#4_Is_There_a_Max_Level_in_Noita\" title=\"4. Is There a Max Level in Noita?\">4. Is There a Max Level in Noita?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gameslearningsociety.org\/wiki\/what-is-the-game-with-every-pixel-simulated\/#5_Is_Friendly_Fire_a_Concern_in_Noita\" title=\"5. Is Friendly Fire a Concern in Noita?\">5. Is Friendly Fire a Concern in Noita?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gameslearningsociety.org\/wiki\/what-is-the-game-with-every-pixel-simulated\/#6_Is_Noita_a_True_Roguelike\" title=\"6. Is Noita a True Roguelike?\">6. Is Noita a True Roguelike?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gameslearningsociety.org\/wiki\/what-is-the-game-with-every-pixel-simulated\/#7_How_Does_Noita_Generate_Its_World\" title=\"7. How Does Noita Generate Its World?\">7. How Does Noita Generate Its World?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gameslearningsociety.org\/wiki\/what-is-the-game-with-every-pixel-simulated\/#8_How_Long_Was_Noita_in_Development\" title=\"8. How Long Was Noita in Development?\">8. How Long Was Noita in Development?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gameslearningsociety.org\/wiki\/what-is-the-game-with-every-pixel-simulated\/#9_Does_Noita_Have_an_Overarching_Story\" title=\"9. Does Noita Have an Overarching Story?\">9. Does Noita Have an Overarching Story?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gameslearningsociety.org\/wiki\/what-is-the-game-with-every-pixel-simulated\/#10_What_is_the_Primary_Objective_in_Noita\" title=\"10. What is the Primary Objective in Noita?\">10. What is the Primary Objective in Noita?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gameslearningsociety.org\/wiki\/what-is-the-game-with-every-pixel-simulated\/#11_Is_Noita_Available_on_Xbox\" title=\"11. Is Noita Available on Xbox?\">11. Is Noita Available on Xbox?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gameslearningsociety.org\/wiki\/what-is-the-game-with-every-pixel-simulated\/#12_What_Makes_Noita_Unique_Compared_to_Other_Games\" title=\"12. What Makes Noita Unique Compared to Other Games?\">12. What Makes Noita Unique Compared to Other Games?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gameslearningsociety.org\/wiki\/what-is-the-game-with-every-pixel-simulated\/#13_What_Happens_If_You_Anger_the_Gods_in_Noita\" title=\"13. What Happens If You Anger the Gods in Noita?\">13. What Happens If You Anger the Gods in Noita?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gameslearningsociety.org\/wiki\/what-is-the-game-with-every-pixel-simulated\/#14_Is_There_a_Limit_to_How_High_You_Can_Fly_in_Noita\" title=\"14. Is There a Limit to How High You Can Fly in Noita?\">14. Is There a Limit to How High You Can Fly in Noita?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gameslearningsociety.org\/wiki\/what-is-the-game-with-every-pixel-simulated\/#15_How_Many_Endings_Does_Noita_Have\" title=\"15. How Many Endings Does Noita Have?\">15. How Many Endings Does Noita Have?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gameslearningsociety.org\/wiki\/what-is-the-game-with-every-pixel-simulated\/#Why_Noitas_Physics_Matter_Education_and_Emergence\" title=\"Why Noita&#8217;s Physics Matter: Education and Emergence\">Why Noita&#8217;s Physics Matter: Education and Emergence<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Unraveling_Noita_The_Game_Where_Every_Pixel_Matters\"><\/span>Unraveling Noita: The Game Where Every Pixel Matters<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>The game where <strong>every pixel is physically simulated<\/strong> is <strong>Noita<\/strong>, a magical action roguelite developed by Nolla Games. In Noita, you play as a sorcerer wielding customizable wands, navigating a procedurally generated world where everything, quite literally, is subject to the laws of physics. This means fire burns, water flows, wood splinters, and explosions send debris flying, all calculated on a per-pixel basis. This groundbreaking approach to game physics creates emergent gameplay scenarios and a level of chaos rarely seen in the roguelite genre.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Delving_into_Noitas_Pixel-Perfect_World\"><\/span>Delving into Noita&#8217;s Pixel-Perfect World<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Noita&#8217;s core mechanic revolves around its <strong>physical simulation<\/strong>. Instead of relying on pre-programmed animations or simplified interactions, the game engine calculates how each pixel interacts with its environment. This means that a single spark can ignite an entire forest, a well-aimed shot can collapse a support beam, and a pool of acid can dissolve a pathway to new areas.<\/p>\n<p>The game&#8217;s <strong>wand customization system<\/strong> further amplifies the possibilities. Players collect and modify wands with various spells, combining effects to create devastating, or hilariously self-destructive, combinations. The unpredictable nature of the physics engine, coupled with the diverse range of spells, ensures that no two runs are ever the same.<\/p>\n<p>Noita&#8217;s <strong>procedurally generated world<\/strong> adds another layer of complexity. Each run features a unique layout of biomes, enemies, and resources, forcing players to adapt and improvise. The combination of procedural generation and pixel-perfect physics creates a dynamic and challenging experience that rewards experimentation and strategic thinking.<\/p>\n<p>Furthermore, Noita&#8217;s depth extends beyond its core gameplay. Its subtle yet intriguing <strong>lore<\/strong>, uncovered through environmental storytelling and cryptic glyphs, adds an element of mystery and encourages exploration. The game&#8217;s difficulty is notorious, with <strong>permadeath<\/strong> meaning a single mistake can send you back to the beginning. However, the knowledge and experience gained from each run contributes to a deeper understanding of the game&#8217;s systems and mechanics, ultimately leading to a sense of mastery.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions_About_Noita\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions About Noita<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Here are 15 frequently asked questions to further enhance your understanding of Noita:<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Is_Noita_a_Voxel_Game\"><\/span>1. Is Noita a Voxel Game?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Yes, Noita can be considered a material-based <strong>voxel game<\/strong>. While it doesn&#8217;t adhere to the traditional &#8220;blocky&#8221; aesthetic of many voxel games, it simulates the world as a collection of individual elements, similar to how voxels are used to represent 3D space.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_What_Programming_Languages_Were_Used_to_Code_Noita\"><\/span>2. What Programming Languages Were Used to Code Noita?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Noita&#8217;s gameplay logic is primarily implemented in <strong>Lua and XML<\/strong>. The game utilizes an Entity Component System (ECS) architecture, where every element in the game is an entity composed of different components.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_What_Games_Inspired_Noita\"><\/span>3. What Games Inspired Noita?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Noita draws inspiration from a variety of sources, including underground classics like <strong>Liero<\/strong>, falling sand games, and modern roguelike-likes, -lites and -lite-like-lites. The developers have also cited their previous works, such as &#8220;Crayon Physics Deluxe,&#8221; &#8220;The Swapper,&#8221; &#8220;Environmental Station Alpha,&#8221; and &#8220;Baba Is You,&#8221; as influences.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Is_There_a_Max_Level_in_Noita\"><\/span>4. Is There a Max Level in Noita?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>No, there isn&#8217;t a traditional level system in Noita. Your power progression comes from acquiring better <strong>wands, spells, and perks<\/strong> throughout each run.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Is_Friendly_Fire_a_Concern_in_Noita\"><\/span>5. Is Friendly Fire a Concern in Noita?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Yes, <strong>friendly fire is a significant factor<\/strong> in Noita. Many spells can harm the player, especially those with chaotic or unpredictable effects. Learning to control your spells and manage the environment is crucial for survival. Certain projectile modifiers affect this behaviour.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Is_Noita_a_True_Roguelike\"><\/span>6. Is Noita a True Roguelike?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Noita is often categorized as a <strong>roguelite<\/strong>, rather than a strict roguelike. While it shares many characteristics with the roguelike genre, such as permadeath and procedural generation, it also incorporates elements of action and physics-based gameplay that deviate from the traditional formula.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_How_Does_Noita_Generate_Its_World\"><\/span>7. How Does Noita Generate Its World?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Noita&#8217;s biomes are <strong>pseudorandomly generated<\/strong> using a combination of &#8220;Wang tiles&#8221; and &#8220;Pixel scenes.&#8221; This allows for consistent biome structures while still providing a unique experience each run.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_How_Long_Was_Noita_in_Development\"><\/span>8. How Long Was Noita in Development?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Noita spent <strong>several years in development<\/strong>, with the core concept evolving over time. The focus eventually shifted to the falling sand-style simulation that defines the game today.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_Does_Noita_Have_an_Overarching_Story\"><\/span>9. Does Noita Have an Overarching Story?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Yes, Noita possesses a subtle yet intriguing <strong>lore<\/strong>. The story is primarily conveyed through environmental details and cryptic glyphs found in Orb Rooms, which can be deciphered by experimenting with different substances.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"10_What_is_the_Primary_Objective_in_Noita\"><\/span>10. What is the Primary Objective in Noita?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The initial objective is to <strong>descend through the procedurally generated levels<\/strong>, defeat the final boss, and take the Sampo through the portal. Alternative endings and challenges can be discovered by exploring and experimenting with the game&#8217;s mechanics.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"11_Is_Noita_Available_on_Xbox\"><\/span>11. Is Noita Available on Xbox?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Currently, Noita is not available on Xbox. It&#8217;s primarily available on <strong>PC<\/strong> and select other platforms.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"12_What_Makes_Noita_Unique_Compared_to_Other_Games\"><\/span>12. What Makes Noita Unique Compared to Other Games?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Noita&#8217;s unique selling point is its <strong>per-pixel physics simulation<\/strong>, which allows for emergent gameplay and unprecedented environmental interaction. This, combined with its wand customization and procedural generation, creates an exceptionally replayable and unpredictable experience.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"13_What_Happens_If_You_Anger_the_Gods_in_Noita\"><\/span>13. What Happens If You Anger the Gods in Noita?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Angering the gods in Noita, typically by damaging the walls of a <strong>Holy Mountain<\/strong>, will result in the immediate appearance of a hostile Stevari, a formidable enemy. This is a mechanic designed to discourage exploiting the safe haven of the Holy Mountain.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"14_Is_There_a_Limit_to_How_High_You_Can_Fly_in_Noita\"><\/span>14. Is There a Limit to How High You Can Fly in Noita?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Yes, but it&#8217;s more complicated than a simple height limit. &#8220;The Work (Sky)&#8221; is an infinitely looping biome found above the Forest. You can fly upwards indefinitely, but you will eventually loop back to the starting point of the area.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"15_How_Many_Endings_Does_Noita_Have\"><\/span>15. How Many Endings Does Noita Have?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Noita has <strong>four main endings<\/strong>. These are triggered by completing specific actions with the Sampo in your possession, leading to different outcomes and credits sequences.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_Noitas_Physics_Matter_Education_and_Emergence\"><\/span>Why Noita&#8217;s Physics Matter: Education and Emergence<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Noita&#8217;s physics engine isn&#8217;t just a visual spectacle; it&#8217;s a powerful tool for learning and discovery. The game encourages players to experiment with different elements and spells, observing the resulting interactions and developing an intuitive understanding of physics principles.<\/p>\n<p>The emergent gameplay that arises from the per-pixel simulation can lead to unexpected and often hilarious outcomes. This element of surprise keeps the game fresh and engaging, rewarding creativity and problem-solving skills. Games like Noita demonstrate the potential for video games to act as interactive learning environments, promoting scientific thinking and critical analysis.<\/p>\n<p>For more insights into the intersection of gaming and education, consider exploring the resources available at the <strong>Games Learning Society<\/strong> website: <strong>https:\/\/www.gameslearningsociety.org\/<\/strong>. The Games Learning Society explores how games can be used to improve learning.<\/p>\n<p>In conclusion, Noita is a truly unique and innovative game that pushes the boundaries of what&#8217;s possible in the roguelite genre. Its per-pixel physics simulation, combined with its deep gameplay mechanics and mysterious lore, creates an unforgettable experience that will challenge and captivate players for hours on end.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Unraveling Noita: The Game Where Every Pixel Matters The game where every pixel is physically simulated is Noita, a magical action roguelite developed by Nolla Games. In Noita, you play as a sorcerer wielding customizable wands, navigating a procedurally generated world where everything, quite literally, is subject to the laws of physics. This means fire &#8230; <a title=\"What is the game with every pixel simulated?\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gameslearningsociety.org\/wiki\/what-is-the-game-with-every-pixel-simulated\/\" aria-label=\"More on What is the game with every pixel simulated?\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-124188","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gameslearningsociety.org\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/124188","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gameslearningsociety.org\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gameslearningsociety.org\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gameslearningsociety.org\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gameslearningsociety.org\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=124188"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.gameslearningsociety.org\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/124188\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gameslearningsociety.org\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=124188"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gameslearningsociety.org\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=124188"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gameslearningsociety.org\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=124188"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}